Pages 1-2
Teaching Central America / The history of El Salvador
https://www.teachingcentralamerica.org/history-of-el-salvador/
This history was adapted by Dan Farnham and Deborah Menkart from the following sources:
Armstrong, Robert, and Janet Shenk, El Salvador: The Face of Revolution. Boston: South End Press, 1982.
Barry, Tom, El Salvador: A Country Guide. Albuquerque: Interhemispheric Education Resource Center, 1990.
Burgos, Alfredo, Historia de El Salvador. San Salvador: Equipo Maiz, 1990.
Miles, Sara and Bob Ostertag, The U.S. and El Salvador: A Decade of Disaster. San Francisco: Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1989.
FURTHER READING
El Salvador: 12 Years of Civil War. By the Center for Justice and Accountability.
Revista: El Salvador. In the Spring of 2016, the Harvard Review of Latin America dedicated a full issue of the journal to El Salvador. There are many invaluable articles on history, culture, and current events.

The Indigenous History of El Salvador _Blog by Tim Lohrentz
https://inclusivebusiness.typepad.com/indigenous_elsalvador/2014/03/pipil-cihuatan-toltec.html

Foundation for the advancement of Mesoamerican studies
http://research.famsi.org/reports/sites.php

Wikipedia- The Spanish conquest of El Salvador
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador

Pages 3-4
Washington Post March 8, 1981 By Karen DeYoung and
Christopher Dickey in San Salvador
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/03/08/el-salvador-a-symbol-of-world-crisis/905750ad-dc97-4eab-a2ac-53f86fc17532/?utm_term=.d97284c83c39

Countries and Their Cultures -Salvadoran Americans, by Jeremy Mumford
https://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Salvadoran-Americans.html#ixzz5ImmnridG

The center for Justice and Accountability
https://cja.org/where-we-work/el-salvador/?list=type&type=199

Teaching Central America / The history of El Salvador

https://www.teachingcentralamerica.org/history-of-el-salvador/

Page 5
Civil War tactics and U.S. Support
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War

Us Military Assistance
https://www.britannica.com/place/El-Salvador/Civil-war

Accountability for U.S. Military and Economic Aid
https://www.gao.gov/assets/150/149630.pdf

Page 6
Liberation Theology
https://liberationtheology.org/library/National_Catholic_Reporter_-_Gustavo_Gutierrez_and_the_preferential_option_for_the_poor_-_2011-11-09.pdf

U.S. Ambassador Robert White statement and background
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/robert-white-diplomat-el-salvador-117089_Page2.html

Country report El Salvador ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)
https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/salvador.pdf

El Salvador, War, Peace, and Human Rights,1980-1994
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/publications/elsalvador2/index.html

Thel UN Peace Commission Report
https://www.usip.org/publications/1992/07/truth-commission-el-salvador

The national security archive,
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB486/yb_militaryintelligence.html

 

Children Abducted during war.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/02/22/soldiers-children-el-salvador/1940533/

Immigration Because of War
https://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Salvadoran-Americans.html#ixzz5ImmnridG

Page 7
In-Sight Crime ( a foundation dedicated to the study of the principal threats to national and citizen security in Latin America and the Caribbean: Organized Crime.)
https://www.insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organized-crime-news/mara-salvatrucha-ms-13-profile/

IMF El Salvador's debt
https://jubileedebt.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Life-and-debt-C2-El-Salvador.pdf

https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/DEBT1@DEBT/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/SLV

EL SALVADOR A Negotiated Revolution
George Vickers
September 25, 2007
https://nacla.org/article/el-salvador-negotiated-revolution

Armando Calderón Sol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armando_Calder%C3%B3n_Sol

Page 8
The North American Congress on Latin America
https://nacla.org/news/2016/01/29/capitalism-won%27t-save-el-salvador

The United Nations and Global Social-Economic Policy: Global Keynesianism for a New Era
https://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/social-and-economic-policy-at-the-un/reform-of-ecosoc-and-the-social-and-economic-policy-process-at-the-un/47425.html

The Politics of Neoliberalism in Postwar El Salvador
Chris van der Borgh
International Journal of Political Economy
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40470765?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

International Journal of Peace Studies, Volume 13, Number 2, Autumn/Winter 2008 EL SALVADOR: CONTRADICTIONS OF NEOLIBERALISM AND BUILDING SUSTAINABLE PEACE Christine J. Wade
https://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol13_2/IJPS13n2%20WADE.pdf

Selling the Public Sector: Latin America reacts; El Salvador: Who Will Have the Hospitals? Leslie Schuld September 25, 2007
https://nacla.org/article/selling-public-sector-latin-america-reacts-el-salvador-who-will-have-hospitals

https://www.commondreams.org/views/2013/04/20/us-helps-push-privatization-scheme-el-salvador

Experts Say U.S. Aid Package To Central America Is Backfiring Big Time, ESTHER YU HSI LEE,FEB 4, 2016, 1:00 PM
https://thinkprogress.org/experts-say-u-s-aid-package-to-central-america-is-backfiring-big-time-c0928534f91c/

El Salvador’s New Battlefield
HILARY GOODFRIEND
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/01/el-salvador-fmln-arena-peace-accords

CISPIS Committee in solidarity with the people of El Salvador
The Central American Free Trade Agreement Hits El Salvador: Ten Years Later, March 2, 2016
http://cispes.org/article/central-america-free-trade-agreement-hits-el-salvador-ten-years-later

The Democracy Center The Anti-Mining Struggle in El Salvador – Corporate Strategies and Community Resistance Latin America and around the world.
Aldo Orellana López and Thomas Mc Donagh Published July 2017
https://democracyctr.org/resource/the-anti-mining-struggle-in-el-salvador-corporate-strategies-and-community-resistance/

El Salvador Social Movements Resist Water Privatization, July 9, 2018,
http://cispes.org/article/el-salvador-social-movements-resist-water-privatization

Inequality.org, Salvadorans Protest Renewed Push to Privatize Water Resources, July 05,2018 by Pedro CabezasRESEARC & COMMENTARY
https://inequality.org/research/salvadorans-protest-renewed-attempts-privatize-water-resources/



Page 9

U.S. Interference in elections
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/01/el-salvador-fmln-arena-peace-accords

https://nacla.org/news/take-action-us-congressmen-interfere-el-salvador-election

Public Private partnerships P3 law
https://www.thenation.com/article/precarious-victory-el-salvador/

https://labornotes.org/blogs/2013/01/us-intervention-el-salvador-privatization-time

https://www.commondreams.org/views/2013/04/20/us-helps-push-privatization-scheme-el-salvador


MCC and Obama Administration
https://truthout.org/articles/bending-aid-toward-business/

Bajo-Lempa community on Public-Private Partnerships and Tourism
https://voiceselsalvador.wordpress.com/page/19/?blogsub=confirming

http://www.coha.org/p3-legislation-in-el-salvador-an-aggressive-reassertion-of-neoliberal-economics/




Page 10
MCC Susan McCue The Hill 10/12/15 11:00
https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/256548-a-us-partnership-brings-hope-to-el-salvador

MCC Mission in El Salvador
https://www.mcc.gov/where-we-work/country/el-salvador

MCC and Public Private Partnerships
https://www.mcc.gov/resources/story/story-story-kin-apr-2015-strategic-collaboration-to-create-ppps

Honduras experiments with charter cities, The Economist, Aug 12th 2017
https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/08/12/honduras-experiments-with-charter-cities

MCC and farmers
https://nacla.org/news/2016/01/29/capitalism-won%27t-save-el-salvador

Upside Down World, El Salvador Free Trade Zone Plan Sparks Debate
EL SALVADOR August 3, 2018 Alexis Stoumbelis and Rafael García El Salvador 0
http://upsidedownworld.org/archives/el-salvador/el-salvador-free-trade-zone-plan-sparks-debate

Page 11
Export.Gov Service parks El Salvador - 4-Industrial Policies 8/3/2017
https://www.export.gov/article?id=El-Salvador-Industrial-Policies

/
Maquiladora Industry Wages in Central America Are Not Living WagesBy Mateo Crossa
Global Research, May 22, 2015
https://www.globalresearch.ca/maquiladora-industry-wages-in-central-america-are-not-living-wages/5451121

Equal Time by Danielle Mackey, 27 June 2017
https://www.equaltimes.org/as-el-salvador-increases-its?lang=en#.XFrolFxKg2z
wage

https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/elsalvador

Just Style
https://www.just-style.com/regions/el-salvador_cid68

Just Style, More information about Salvador's textile industry

https://www.just-style.com/analysis/el-salvador-to-launch-15-year-apparel-growth-strategy_id128704.aspx

World Bank, overview El Salvador
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/elsalvador/overview

Central American Data.com Business Information
https://www.centralamericadata.com/en/article/home/El_Salvador_The_Top_5_Textile_Exports_in_2017

Page 12

El Salvador’s New Battlefield, Heading FMLN Governance
HILARY GOODFRIEND
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/01/el-salvador-fmln-arena-peace-accords

Page 13
Oxford Research Group The Gang Truce in El Salvador
Siniša Vukovic and Eric Rahman, 18 April 2018
https://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/blog/the-gang-truce-in-el-salvador

Washington Post, How deporting immigrants from the U.S. increased immigration to the U.S. By Christian Ambrosius and David Leblang, August 22, 2018

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/08/22/u-s-deportation-policy-prompts-more-people-to-immigrate-to-the-u-s-heres-how-that-works/?utm_term=.9e872efec10a

Wikipedia, Crime in El Salvador
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_El_Salvador#cite_note-NYRB-2

Page 14
CNN World US-funded police linked to illegal executions in El Salvador
Story by Nick Paton Walsh, Barbara Arvanitidis and Bryan Avelar May 22, 2017
https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2018/05/world/el-salvador-police-intl/

World Politics Review, El Salvador’s ‘Iron Fist’ Crackdown on Gangs: A Lethal Policy With U.S. Origins, Danielle Mackey, Tuesday, Feb. 6, 2018
https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/24136/el-salvador-s-iron-fist-crackdown-on-gangs-a-lethal-policy-with-u-s-origins

Page 15
Crisis Group, 26 NOVEMBER 2018
Life Under Gang Rule in El Salvador
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/central-america/el-salvador/life-under-gang-rule-el-salvador

The Intercept, Jan 12, 2018
EL SALVADOR’S YOUTH ARE TRAPPED BETWEEN GANG VIOLENCE AND POLICE ABUSE
https://theintercept.com/2018/01/12/el-salvador-tps-trump-gang-violence/

PRI's The World, November 06, 2018
The kids aren't alright — when being young is a crime in El Salvador
https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-11-06/kids-arent-alright-when-being-young-crime-el-salvador

http://www.elsalvadorperspectives.com/2017/05/the-case-of-daniel-aleman.html

Natalie keyssar Photography
http://nataliekeyssar.com/invisible-lines

Page 16
Security Assistance Monitor Arming the Conflict: El Salvador’s Gun Market
02/16/16 Sarah Kinosian
https://securityassistance.org/blog/arming-conflict-el-salvador%E2%80%99s-gun-market

Journal of Economic Geography, Volume 15, Issue 2, March 2015,
https://academic.oup.com/joeg/article-abstract/15/2/297/929819

Center for American Progress
Beyond Our Borders
How Weak U.S. Gun Laws Contribute to Violent Crime Abroad
February 2, 2018,
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/guns-crime/reports/2018/02/02/445659/beyond-our-borders/

The New Republic
Guess Where the Gangs Get Their Guns? Aug 10, 2014
https://www.uexpress.com/new-republic/2014/8/10/guess-where-the-gangs-get-their

Page 17
Trump ending TPS
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/10/15/six-countries-300-000-immigrants-must-return-end-tps/1112581002/

Remittances
https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/08/news/economy/el-salvador-remittances/index.html

Cost of deportation
https://www.ilrc.org/sites/default/files/resources/2017-04-18_economic_contributions_by_salvadoran_honduran_and_haitian_tps_holders.pdf

Pages 18, 19, 20, 21
Written by David Iles after many years of paying attention to U.S. foreign policy, and research for this brochure. I encorage you to look these things up for yourself.